While insomnia can occur on its own, it's also frequently associated with other psychiatric conditions. In fact, research has shown that insomnia is a common symptom of many psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

To provide effective treatment for insomnia, it's essential to consider each person's unique circumstances and experiences. This means taking a comprehensive history and conducting a thorough assessment of their sleep patterns, as well as any medical or psychological factors that might be contributing to their insomnia. With this information, the clinician can develop a personalized treatment plan that takes into account the individual's specific needs and preferences.

One of the key models used in CBT for insomnia is the Spielman 3P model, which explains the three key factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic insomnia.